Top 3 Ways to Enhance Safety and Security of Battery Pack

Table of Contents

Introduction

The global mobility segment is undergoing a once-in-a-century transformation. The picture looks similar to Halley’s comet, with the observations and findings that have moved past the initial stage. The fortune business insight report projects the size of global electric mobility, which was 230.12 billion in 2020. The market is expected to rise from 279.45 billion in 2021 to USD 1507.21 billion in 2028 at a 27.2% CAGR. Electrification of the automotive is driven by the top 3 factors, i.e., environment, regulation, and consumer behavior, causing the rapid EV adoption.

An electric vehicle is constituted of 3 core components. These include the electric motor for transmission, battery for energy storage, and the battery management system responsible for coordination, control, and safety and security of battery pack.

The battery management system not only acts as the central unit in command but also enhances the battery pack’s performance so that maximum charge and efficiency are achieved within every charge cycle. This is achieved through determining the accurate state of charge and state of health along with passive cell balancing of the battery energy storage system.

The lithium-ion batteries are potentially sensitive to the environment and sometimes human factors. Exceeding its operational limits may result in catastrophes such as fire or an explosion in the worst-case scenario. Equipped with multiple modules, fuses, and sensors, a BMS can run through predictive analysis to protect both the battery pack and the EV driver.

Let’s go through the key parameters around which a battery management system is designed in the interest of battery safety and security.

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3 Ways to Enhance Safety and Security of Battery Pack

The most common BMS duties concerning battery safety and security are thermal management solutions, fire protection, cybersecurity, voltage, and current control. I am going to cover 3 most essential hazards that cross a battery’s path and how BMS can help you overcome them.

1. Current and Voltage Regulation

The battery’s current and voltage regulation is done in 2 ways. The first is to carry out overcurrent and voltage protection during charging and prevent the battery from completely discharging, combating the Undervoltage scenario.

The potential implication of going above and beyond the operating limits can cause malfunctioning of the circuit due to oxidation and sometimes lead to a short circuit. This can also shatter the battery life completely, deteriorating the life span, and may sometimes result in hazards such as fire or explosion.

Role of BMS: The battery management system is armed with multiple sensors to assess the situation inside the battery pack to decide further steps. When the voltage or current is beyond the limit, the BMS will simply disconnect the circuit and prevent it from further charging, until the user prompts the action.

A smart BMS can track the real-time operating condition of the battery pack and send a notification to the manufacturer or user’s device to trigger an alarm notification.

2. Thermal Management

One of the most crucial aspects to be taken care of while designing the battery management system is the safety and security of battery pack. The battery’s temperature coefficient and activities like heating and cooling determine the thermal management system of the energy storage system.

Even though lithium batteries have high efficiency, it is essential to note that the highly reactive Li-ion batteries can result in a devastating situation within the blink of an eye. Slight damage in the battery can cause a short circuit or a thermal runaway leading to an explosion or fire.

Role of BMS: A battery management system is equipped with thermistors to monitor the temperature coefficient within the operating range. When the BMS detects any deviation in temperature, it automatically does what is necessary for battery safety and security. It may cut off the charging supply in some cases.

A smart battery management system can send fault notifications to the manufacturer/driver with the real-time location of the device and the temperature status inside the battery pack.

3. Fire Protection

The hardest and most hidden threat of the battery pack is fire. No manufacturer or EV driver would ever think about their battery energy storage systems catching fire. This type of catastrophe may sometimes arise from sparking or burning due to the manufacturing defects such as internal short circuits.

Role of BMS: One of the best ways to cut through the fire hazard is the installation of smoke detectors inside the battery pack. Additionally, having a cell-cooling system can protect the battery in the most probable ways with the control leveraged to the BMS to activate/deactivate the cooling systems.

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Conclusion